小兒科常見門診疾病
小兒科（或稱兒科）是現代醫學的一個分支，專門醫療患病的嬰兒、兒童及青少年。最大的年齡限制介乎十四至二十一歲之間，而每個國家都有不同的界定。一個受到這方面知識專門訓練的醫生也叫做兒科醫生。
現代醫學一日千里，小兒科學自不例外，小兒科醫師肩負維護從胎兒，新生兒，嬰幼兒，兒童及青少年的身心健康，除了精密的診斷科技，治療方法及技術外，預防醫學與醫療傳承的教學工作，小兒科醫師更是責無旁貸。
小兒科常見門診疾病中英文對照表
| 英文疾病名稱 | 中文疾病名稱 |
| Abdominal pain | 腹痛 |
| Acute appendictis | 急性闌尾炎 |
| Acute bronchiolitis | 急性細支氣管炎 |
| Acute epiglottitis | 急性會厭炎 |
| Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) | 急性發熱性黏膜皮膚淋巴結徵候群 |
| Acute gastritis | 急性胃炎 |
| Acute glomerulonephritis | 急性絲球腎炎 |
| Acute laryngitis | 急性喉炎 |
| Acute lymphadenitis | 急性淋巴腺炎 |
| Acute renal failure | 急性腎衰竭 |
| Acute sinusitis | 急性鼻竇炎 |
| Acute tonsillitis | 急性扁桃腺炎 |
| Acute tracheitis | 急性氣管炎 |
| Acute upper respiretory infections | 急性上呼吸道感染 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 過敏性鼻炎 |
| Anal fissure | 肛門裂 |
| Anemia | 貧血 |
| Asthma | 氣喘 |
| Bronchopneumonia | 支氣管性肺炎 |
| Candidiasis of mouth | 口腔念珠菌病 |
| Carbuncle and furuncle | 癰及癤 |
| Cellulitis and abscess | 蜂窩組織炎及膿瘍 |
| Congenital musculoskeletal deformities of sternocleidomastoid muscle | 胸鎖乳突肌之肌肉骨骼變形 |
| Chest pain | 胸痛 |
| Chromosomal anomalies | 染色體異常 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 慢性支氣管炎 |
| Chronic nasopharyngitis | 慢性鼻咽炎 |
| Chronic sinusitis | 慢性鼻竇炎 |
| Congenital anomaly,unspecified | 先天畸形未明示者 |
| Conjunctivitis | 結膜炎 |
| Constipation | 便秘 |
| Contact dermatitis and other eczema | 接觸性皮膚炎及其他濕疹 |
| Convulsions | 痙攣 |
| Croup | 嘶哮 |
| Cystitis | 膀胱炎 |
| Dermatophytosis of the body | 體部之髮癬菌病 |
| Disorder of metabolism | 新陳代謝失調症 |
| Down's syndrome | 唐氏症候群 |
| Duodenal ulcer | 十二指腸潰瘍 |
| Epilepsy | 癲癇 |
| Epistaxis | 鼻血 |
| Erysipelas | 丹毒 |
| Erythematosquamous dermatosis | 紅斑鱗狀皮膚病 |
| Fetal and neonatal jaundice | 胎兒及新生兒黃疸 |
| Fever of unknown origin | 不明熱 |
| Frequency of urination and polyuria | 頻尿及多尿 |
| Functional and undiagnosed cardiac murmurs | 功能性及尚未診斷之心雜音 |
| Functional disorder of stomach | 胃功能性障礙 |
| Gastrointeritis and colitis | 胃腸炎及大腸炎 |
| Hand, foot and mouth disease | 手,足及口病 |
| Headache | 頭痛 |
| Helminthiasis | 蠕虫病 |
| Hemangioma | 血管瘤 |
| Hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract | 胃腸道出血 |
| Hepatitis | 肝炎 |
| Herpangina | 泡疹性咽峽炎 |
| Herpetic gingivostomatitis | 泡疹性齒齦口腔炎 |
| Hydrocele | 陰囊水腫 |
| Impetigo | 膿泡性 |
| Infantile cerebral palsy | 嬰兒腦性麻痺 |
| Infectious colitis, enteritis and gastroenteritis | 感染性大腸炎，腸炎及胃腸炎 |
| Influenza with other respiratory manifestations | 流行性感冒併其他呼吸道表徵 |
| Inguinal hernia, unilateral or unspecified | 單側或未明示之腹股溝疝氣 |
| Intestinal obstruction | 腸阻塞 |
| Intestinal parasitism | 腸道寄虫病 |
| Lack of expected normal physiological development | 生長遲緩 |
| Malnutrition | 營養不良 |
| Mental retardation | 智能不足 |
| Mumps | 流行性腮腺炎 |
| mycoses | 黴菌病 |
| Nephrotic syndrome | 腎徵候群 |
| Open wound of head | 頭部開放性傷口 |
| Open wound of lower limb | 下肢開放性傷口 |
| Open wound of upper limb | 上肢開放性傷口 |
| Osteoarthrosis | 骨關節病 |
| Health counseling | 健康諮詢 |
| Infection specific to the perinatal period | 周產期之特殊傳染病 |
| Nonthrombocytopenic purpuras | 非血小板缺乏性紫斑症 |
| Congenital anomaly | 先天畸形 |
| Otitis media | 中耳炎 |
| Pharyngoconjunctival fever | 咽結膜熱 |
| Pneumonia | 肺炎 |
| Preterm immaturity | 早產兒 |
| Redundant prepuce and phimosis | 包皮過長及包莖 |
| Routine general medical examination at a health care facility | 在保健機構的一般常規醫學檢查 |
| Shigellosis | 志賀桿菌病 |
| Shock | 休克 |
| Speech disturbance | 語言障礙 |
| Sprains and strains | 拉傷 |
| Streptococcal sore throat | 鏈球菌性咽喉炎 |
| Stridor | 喘鳴 |
| Anomaly of heart | 心臟畸形 |
| Urethritis | 尿道炎 |
| Urinary tract infection | 泌尿道感染 |
| Varicella | 水痘 |
| Ventricular septal defect | 心室中隔缺陷 |
| Viral exanthem | 病毒性發疹性 |
| Viral meningitis | 病毒所致之腦膜炎 |
| NEONATORUM | 新生兒部分 |
| HEART | 心臟 |
| Cardiac dysrhythmia (arrhythmia) | 心律不整 |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 法洛氏四合症 |
| Ventricular septal defect | 心室中隔缺損 |
| Ostium secundum type atrial septal defect (patent foramen ovale) | 第二洞型心房中隔缺損 (開放性卵圓孔) |
| Congenital heart disease | 先天性心臟病 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 開放性動脈導管 |
| Undiagnosed cardiac murmurs | 未診斷之心雜音 |
| Shock | 休克 |
| GENERAL | 一般 |
| Light-for-dates (small-for-dates) | 體重不足 |
| Preterm infants (1000-2499 g or 28-37 week) | 早產兒 |
| Disturbances of temperature regulation of newborn (hyperthermia in newborn) | 新生兒體溫調節異常 (新生兒體溫過高) |
| Lack of expected normal physiological development (failure to gain weight, failure to thrive) | 缺乏預期正常生理發育，生長遲緩 |
| Ill-defined conditions | 其他診斷欠明之病態 |
| Accidental fall | 意外墜落 |
| Vaccine against viral hepatitis B | b型肝炎預防注射 |
| Routine infant or child health check | 嬰幼兒例行之健康檢查 |
| Observation for suspected condition, newborn | 新生兒可疑病態之觀察 |
| Counseling (Health education or explaination) | 諮詢，健康教育，看報告解釋病情 |
| Medical certificates | 開出診斷書 |
| HEREDITY | 遺傳 |
| Down's syndrome | 唐氏症候群 |
| Congenital anomaly | 先天性畸形 |
| GASTROINTESTINAL | 腸胃 |
| Esophageal reflux (gastroesophageal reflux) | 胃食道逆流 |
| Inguinal hernia | 腹股溝疝氣 |
| Umbilical hernia | 臍疝氣 |
| Noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis (enteritis) | 非傳染性胃腸炎、大腸炎、腸炎 |
| Other impaction of intestine (fecal impaction) | 其他腸嵌塞 (糞便嵌塞) |
| Constipation | 便祕 |
| Anal fissure | 肛裂 |
| Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | 先天性肥厚性幽門狹窄 |
| Hirschsprung's disease and other congenital functional disorders of colon | Hirschsprung氏症及其他先天性結腸功能異常 (巨結腸症） |
| Biliary atresia | 膽道閉鎖 |
| Omphalitis of the newborn (granuloma of umbilicus) | 新生兒臍炎，新生兒臍肉芽腫 |
| Umbilical hemorrhage after birth | 出生後臍帶出血 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 新生兒胃腸道出血 |
| Feeding problems in newborn (regurgitation of food, slow feeding, or vomiting in newborn) | 新生兒餵食問題，新生兒嘔吐 |
| Flatulence, eructation, and gas pain (abdominal distention (gaseous)) | 胃腸脹氣，打噎，腹脹 |
| Abdominal pain (infantile colic) | 腹痛 (嬰兒腹絞痛) |
| Infectious colitis, enteritis, and gastroenteritis | 傳染性大腸炎，腸炎，胃腸炎 |
| URINARY | 泌尿 |
| Hydrocele | 陰囊水腫 |
| Redundant prepuce and phimosis (paraphimosis) | 包皮過長及包莖 |
| Undescended testis (cryptorchism, ectopic testis) | 隱睪症 |
| Congenital hydrocele | 先天性陰囊水腫 |
| HEAD | 頭部 |
| Cleft palate | 顎裂 |
| Cleft lip | 唇裂 |
| Cleft palate with cleft lip | 顎裂合併唇裂 |
| Tongue tie | 舌繫帶過緊 |
| Congenital sternomastoid torticollis (congenital wryneck) | 先天性斜頸 |
| Injuries to scalp (caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma) | 頭皮受傷 (胎頭腫塊、頭血腫) |
| BLOOD | 血液 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 血小板減少症 |
| Hemolytic disease due to ABO isoimmunization (anemia, jaundice, due to ABO antibodies) | ABO同族免疫引起之溶血性疾病 |
| Fetal and neonatal jaundice | 新生兒黃疸 |
| Polycythemia neonatorum | 新生兒紅血球增多症 |
| Congenital anemia (anemia following fetal blood loss, posthemorrhagic anemia) | 先天性貧血 (胎兒失血後貧血) |
| Anemia of prematurity | 早產兒貧血 |
| Enlargement of lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) | 淋巴腺腫大 |
| INFECTION | 感染 |
| Bacterial meningitis | 細菌性腦膜炎 |
| Meningitis | 腦膜炎 |
| Infective otitis externa | 外耳道炎 |
| Otitis media (acute, chronic) | 中耳炎 |
| Acute upper respiratory infection | 急性上呼吸道感染 |
| Acute bronchiolitis | 急性細支氣管炎 |
| Bronchopneumonia | 支氣管肺炎 |
| Pneumonia | 肺炎 |
| Congenital pneumonia | 先天性肺炎 |
| Neonatal Candida infection (thrush in newborn) | 新生兒念珠菌感染 (新生兒鵝口瘡) |
| Infection specific to the perinatal period (neonatal urinary tract infection, neonatal sepsis) | 周產期感染 (新生兒泌尿道感染、新生兒敗血症) |
| METABOLISM | 代謝 |
| Congenital hypothyroidism | 先天性甲狀腺低能症 |
| Syndrome of "infant of diabetic mother" | 糖尿病母親的嬰兒 |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia | 新生兒低血糖症 |
| NERVOUS SYSTEM | 神經 |
| Anoxic brain damage | 缺氧性腦傷 |
| Injuries to brachial plexus (brachial palsy or paralysis) | 臂神經叢受損 (臂神經叢麻痺) |
| Birth trauma | 產傷 |
| Birth asphyxia in liveborn infant | 生產窒息 |
| Convulsions of newborn | 新生兒痙攣 |
| Cerebral depression, coma and other abnormal cerebral signs (central nervous system dysfunction in newborn) | 新生兒中樞神經功能異常 |
| Head injury | 頭部受傷 |
| EYE | 眼睛 |
| Obstruction of nasolacrimal duct, neonatal | 新生兒鼻淚管阻塞 |
| Neonatal conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis | 新生兒結膜炎 |
| SKELETAL | 骨骼 |
| Congenital dislocation of hip, unilateral | 髖關節先天性脫臼，單側 |
| RESPIRATORY | 呼吸 |
| Anomalies of larynx, trachea, and bronchus (laryngomalacia, or tracheomalacia, congenital) | 喉部、氣管、支氣管畸形 (喉頭軟化症，氣管軟化症，先天性) |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 呼吸窘迫症候群 |
| Meconium aspiration syndrome | 胎便吸入症候群 |
| Interstitial emphysema (pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumothorax in perinatal period) | 新生兒間質性氣腫 (縱膈腔氣腫，心包膜氣腫，氣胸) |
| Transitory tachypnea of newborn | 新生兒暫時性呼吸急促 |
| Chronic respiratory disease arising in the perinatal period (Bronchopulmonary dysplasia) | 支氣管肺發育不良 |
| Respiratory problems after birth (apnea, cyanotic attacks, respiratory distress, respiratory failure, etc.) | 出生後呼吸問題 (呼吸暫停，發紺，呼吸窘迫，呼吸衰竭) |
| SKIN | 皮膚 |
| Hemangioma of skin and subcutaneous tissue | 皮膚及皮下血管瘤 |
| Carbuncle and furuncle | 癤，癰 |
| Cellulits, abscess | 蜂窩組織炎及皮下膿瘍 |
| Impetigo | 膿痂疹 |
| Pyoderma | 膿皮症 |
| Local infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue | 局部皮膚及皮下組織感染 |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | 脂漏性皮膚炎 |
| Diaper rash | 尿布疹 |
| Dermatitis, eczema | 皮膚炎，濕疹 |
| Prickly heat (heat rash, miliaria rubra, miliaria crystallina) | 熱疹 (痱子) |
| Cutaneous hemorrhage (bruising, ecchymoses, petechiae in newborn) | 新生兒皮膚出血 (瘀傷，瘀血，出血點) |
| Involving disease the integument of newborn (urticaria neonatorum) | 其他新生兒皮膚問題 (新生兒蕁麻疹) |
| Insect bite, head and neck | 昆蟲叮咬，頭頸部 (未提及感染) |
| Insect bite, head and neck with infection) | 昆蟲叮咬，頭頸部 (有感染) |
