神經外科常見門診疾病
神經外科，也常稱作腦外科，是外科的一個支系，以外科的方法來治療神經系統的疾病。
神經外科被公認為醫學上地位最高的領域，其原因是要完成這樣的手術對醫生所需要得極其複雜的知識基礎以及要獲得進行這樣的手術的允許所需要經過的嚴格的選擇。在允許進行神經外科手術前一個醫生至少需要經過六至七年的訓練，這也是所有醫學專業中最長和要求最高的。
神經外科常見門診疾病中英文對照表
| 英文疾病名稱 | 中文疾病名稱 |
| TUMOR | 腫瘤 |
| Malignant skull tumor | 顱骨惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant scalp tumor | 頭皮惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant cerebrum tumor | 大腦惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant cerebellum tumor | 小腦惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant brain stem tumor | 腦幹惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant neoplasm of brain | 腦惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant cranial nerve tumor | 顱神經惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant cerebral meninges tumor | 大腦膜惡性腫瘤 |
| malignant spinal cord tumor | 脊髓惡性腫瘤 |
| Malignant spinal meninges tumor | 脊髓膜惡性腫瘤 |
| Metastatic spinal tumor | 脊椎之續發性惡性腫瘤 |
| Metastatic brain tumor | 腦之續發性惡性腫瘤 |
| Benign skull tumor | 顱骨良性腫瘤 |
| Benign scalp tumor | 頭皮良性腫瘤 |
| Benign brain tumor | 腦部良性腫瘤 |
| Benign cranial nerve tumor | 腦神經良性腫瘤 |
| Benign cerebral meninges tumor | 大腦膜良性腫瘤 |
| Benign spinal cord tumor | 脊髓良性腫瘤 |
| Benign spinal meninges tumor | 脊髓膜良性腫瘤 |
| Brain tumor | 腦腫瘤 |
| Spinal cord tumor | 脊髓腫瘤 |
| TRAUMA | 外傷 |
| Postconcussional syndrome | 腦震盪後徵候群 |
| Anoxic brain damage | 腦缺氧損傷 |
| Cerebral edema | 腦水腫 |
| Skull defect | 顱骨缺損 |
| Fracture of skull, closed | 閉鎖性顱骨骨折 |
| Fracture of skull, open | 開放性顱骨骨折 |
| Fracture of skull with contusion of brain | 顱骨骨折合併腦挫傷 |
| Fracture of skull with epidural hemorrhage | 顱骨骨折合併硬腦膜上出血 |
| Fracture of skull with subdural hemorrhage | 顱骨骨折合併硬腦膜下出血 |
| Fracture of skull with Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 顱骨骨折合併蜘蛛網膜下出血 |
| Fracture of skull with intracranial hemorrhage | 顱骨骨折合併腦出血 |
| Fracture of skull with intracranial injury | 顱骨骨折合併顱內損傷 |
| Fracture of cervical spine | 頸椎骨折 |
| Fracture of thoracic spine | 胸椎骨折 |
| Fracture of lumbar spine | 腰椎骨折 |
| Fracture of cervical spine with cord injury | 頸椎骨折合併脊髓損傷 |
| Fracture of thoracic spine with cord injury | 胸椎骨折合併脊髓損傷 |
| Fracture of lumbar spine with cord injury | 腰椎骨折合併脊髓損傷 |
| Brain concussion | 腦震盪 |
| Brain contusion | 腦挫傷 |
| Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage | 外傷性蜘蛛網膜下出血 |
| Traumatic subdural hemorrhage | 外傷性硬腦膜下出血 |
| Traumatic epidural hemorrhage | 外傷性硬腦膜上出血 |
| Carotid-cavernous fistula | 頸動脈海綿竇廔管 |
| Traumatic brain hemorrhage | 外傷性腦出血 |
| Head injury | 頭部外傷 |
| Scalp laceration | 頭皮撕裂傷 |
| Late effect of intracranical injury | 顱內損傷之後遺症 |
| Scalp, face contusion | 頭皮、臉之挫傷 |
| Cranial nerve injury | 顱神經損傷 |
| Spinal cord injury, cervical | 頸椎脊髓損傷 |
| Spinal cord injury, thoracic | 胸椎脊髓損傷 |
| Spinal cord injury, lumbar | 腰椎脊髓損傷 |
| Nerve injury | 神經損傷 |
| BENIGN SPINE LESION | 良性脊柱損害 |
| Cervical spondylosis | 頸部椎關節黏連 |
| Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy | 伴有脊髓病變之頸部椎關節黏連 |
| Thoracic spondylosis | 胸部椎關節黏連 |
| Lumbar spondylosis | 腰胝骨椎關節黏連 |
| Thoracic spondylosis with myelopathy | 伴有脊髓病變之胸部椎關節黏連 |
| Lumbar spondylosis with myelopathy | 伴有脊髓病變之腰部椎關節黏連 |
| Herniation of cervical intervertebal disc | 頸部椎間盤移位 |
| Herniation of thoracic intervertebal disc | 胸部椎間盤移位 |
| Herniation of humbar intervertebal disc | 腰部椎間盤突出 |
| Spinal stenosis, cervical region | 頸部脊椎狹窄 |
| Torticollis | 斜頸 |
| Osification of postarior longitudinal ligament, cervical region | 頸部後縱韌帶骨化 |
| Spinal stenosis, in thoracic spine | 胸部脊椎狹窄 |
| Spinal stenosis, in lumbar spine | 腰部脊椎狹窄 |
| Lumbago | 腰痛 |
| Sciatica | 坐骨神經痛 |
| Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) | 後縱韌帶骨化 |
| Myalgia and myositis | 肌痛及肌炎 |
| Spondylolisthesis(acquired) | 後天性脊椎滑脫 |
| VASCULAR DISEASE | 血管疾病 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 蜘蛛網膜下腔出血 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 腦內出血 |
| Subdural hemorrhage | 硬腦膜下出血 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 顱內出血 |
| Cerebral artery occlussion | 腦動脈阻塞 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 暫時性腦部缺氧 |
| Cerebral aneurysm | 腦部動脈瘤 |
| Moyamoya disease | 腦部小血管雲霧狀疾病 |
| Intracranical arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of brain | 腦動靜脈畸形 |
| Congenital cerebral aneurysm | 先天性腦部動脈瘤 |
| DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER | 發育上的疾病 |
| Arnold-chiari syndrome | Arnold-chiari氏症候群 |
| Spinal bifida | 脊椎裂 |
| Myelomeningocele | 脊髓脊膜膨出 |
| Encephalocele | 腦膨出 |
| Meningocele,cerebral | 腦膜膨出 |
| Congenital hydrocephalus | 先天性水腦症 |
| Tethered cord syndrome | 腰脊髓沾粘症候群 |
| Congenital anomaly of nervous system | 先天性神經系統畸形 |
| Cerebral palsy | 腦性痳痺 |
| Cerebral cyst | 腦囊腫 |
| INFECTION | 感染 |
| Tuberculosis of brain | 腦結核病 |
| Tuberculosis of spine | 脊椎結核病 |
| Viral meningitis | 病毒性腦膜炎 |
| Bacterial meningitis | 細菌性腦膜炎 |
| Meningitis | 腦膜炎 |
| Encephalitis, Myelitis | 腦炎、脊髓炎 |
| Intracranial abscess | 顱內膿瘍 |
| Intraspinal abscess | 椎管內膿瘍 |
| Postoperative infection | 手術後感染 |
| PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASE | 周圍神經疾病 |
| Branchial plexus lesions | 臂神經叢病灶 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 腕隧道徵候群 |
| Cubital tunnel syndrome | 肘隧道徵候群 |
| Tarsal tunnel syndrome | 跗隧道徵候群 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 末梢神經疾病 |
| OTHER NERVE DISEASE | 其他神經疾病 |
| Communicating hydrocephalus | 交通性水腦症 |
| Non-communicating hydrocephalus | 非交通性水腦症 |
| Epilepsy | 癲癇 |
| Migraine | 偏頭痛 |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | 三叉神經痛 |
| Facial palsy | 面神經麻痺 |
| Facial nerve disorders | 面神經疾患 |
| Cranial nerve lesion | 顱神經病灶 |
| Meniere's disease | 梅尼爾病 |
| Bromhidrosis | 汗臭症 |
| Craniosynostosis | 顱縫線封閉過早 |
| Vertigo | 眩暈 |
| Insomnia | 失眠 |
| Hyperhidrosis | 多汗 |
| Headache | 頭痛 |
中國的神經外科學由王忠誠、段國升'史玉泉等幾位德高望重的醫生於50年代創建。目前神經外科已經普及到縣級醫院。世界神經外科的進展和研究動向，在中國都很快得到回應和關注。中國神經外科有關外傷的診斷治療水平，更是居於世界排名的首位。
